过年啦，用Python实现雪夜烟花景

运行截图

运行效果：

什么？你说你看不清烟花？那我换一种颜色，请点开看。

实现过程

准备工作

使用语言和框架：python、pygame。
安装pygame:

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ --trusted-host pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn pygame

你需要知道的基础知识

首先，pygame渲染是同步的，所以同屏渲染的点过多之后，就会造成卡顿的情况。
其次，pygame的代码逻辑是，周期性渲染一系列的屏，从而产生连续的动画。
​

你需要掌握的框架基础知识：

• 初始化过程

import pygame
pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.init()
pygame.font.init()

• 获取字体

myfont = pygame.font.SysFont('simHei', 30)
textsurface = myfont.render(a[i], False, random_color(150, 255))
screen.blit(textsurface, (80, 30))

• 画圈

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (snow_list[i][4], snow_list[i][5], snow_list[i][6]), snow_list[i][:2],
                           snow_list[i][3] - 3)

• 加载背景音乐

screen = pygame.display.set_mode(bg_size)
pygame.display.set_caption("新年快乐")
bg = pygame.image.load(bg_img)
pygame.mixer.music.load('D:\CloudMusic\小时姑娘 - 霞光-《精灵世纪》片尾曲.mp3')

核心代码

基础架子

首先，需要实现一个基础的事件循环的架子，如下：

def main():
    global show_n
    global fk_list
    bg_size = (WIN_W, WIN_H)
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(bg_size)
    pygame.display.set_caption("新年快乐")
    pygame.mixer.music.load('D:\CloudMusic\小时姑娘 - 霞光-《精灵世纪》片尾曲.mp3')
    font_values = ['新年快乐']

    grand_has = set()
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()

    while True:
        if not pygame.mixer.music.get_busy():
            pygame.mixer.music.play()
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                exit()
        screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
        ... ...
        pygame.display.update()
        time_passed = clock.tick(50)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

下雪的过程

现在，需要实现下雪的过程，首先，考虑定义定义一堆初始化的下雪点

def init_xue(bg_size):
    snow_list = []
    for i in range(200):
        x_site = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])  # 雪花圆心位置
        y_site = random.randrange(0, bg_size[1])  # 雪花圆心位置
        X_shift = random.randint(-1, 1)  # x 轴偏移量
        radius = random.randint(4, 6)  # 半径和 y 周下降量
        xxxxx = random_color(150, 255)
        snow_list.append([x_site, y_site, X_shift, radius, 255, 255, 255])
    return snow_list

然后实现渲染雪的过程

def draw_xue(snow_list: [], screen, bg_size: [], grand_has: set, grand_list: []):
    # 雪花列表循环
    # todo 空中的雪
    for i in range(len(snow_list)):
        # 绘制雪花，颜色、位置、大小
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, (snow_list[i][4], snow_list[i][5], snow_list[i][6]), snow_list[i][:2],
                           snow_list[i][3] - 3)
        # 移动雪花位置（下一次循环起效）
        snow_list[i][0] += snow_list[i][2]
        snow_list[i][1] += snow_list[i][3]
        # 如果雪花落出屏幕，重设位置
        if snow_list[i][1] > bg_size[1]:
            # tmp = []
            snow_list[i][1] = random.randrange(-50, -10)
            snow_list[i][0] = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])
            x = snow_list[i][0]
            y = bg_size[1]
            while (grand_has.__contains__(x * 10000 + y)):
                y = y - snow_list[i][3]
            grand_has.add(x * 10000 + y)
            grand_list.append(
                [x, y, snow_list[i][2], snow_list[i][3], snow_list[i][4], snow_list[i][5],
                 snow_list[i][6]])

集成到上面的架子中，效果如下：

不过目前的下雪没有质感，可以考虑在底部堆一些雪，只需要在雪落到地上做特判即可。

雪落到地上堆起来的过程

在前面的下雪过程的代码中，我们维护了一个Grand_list的数组，目的就是维护堆雪的效果

min_height = 100000
# todo 地上的积雪
for i in range(len(grand_list)):
    if grand_list[i][0] < 375:
        min_height = min(min_height, grand_list[i][1])

然后进入维护程序：

draw_xue(snow_list, screen, bg_size, grand_has, grand_list)

最后再将雪画出来

for i in range(len(grand_list)):
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, (grand_list[i][4], grand_list[i][5], grand_list[i][6]), grand_list[i][:2],
                       grand_list[i][3] - 3)

效果图如上。

实现烟花的过程

首先定义出烟花类：

class Fireworks():
    is_show = False
    x, y = 0, 0
    vy = 0
    p_list = []
    color = [0, 0, 0]
    v = 0

    def __init__(self, x, y, vy, n=300, color=[0, 255, 0], v=10):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.vy = vy
        self.color = color
        self.v = v
        for i in range(n):
            self.p_list.append([random.random() * 2 * math.pi, 0, v * math.pow(random.random(), 1 / 3)])

    def run(self):
        global show_n
        for p in self.p_list:
            p[1] = p[1] + (random.random() * 0.6 + 0.7) * p[2]
            p[2] = p[2] * 0.97
            if p[2] < 1.2:
                self.color[0] *= 0.9999
                self.color[1] *= 0.9999
                self.color[2] *= 0.9999
            if max(self.color) < 10 or self.y > WIN_H + p[1]:
                show_n -= 1
                self.is_show = False
                break
        self.vy += 10 * t1
        self.y += self.vy * t1

然后，我们需要画出烟花释放前上升的过程点，这部分与下雪的初始化差不多。

def init_yanhua(bg_size):
    yanhua_list = []
    for i in range(5):
        x_site = random.randrange(0, WIN_W)  # 雪花圆心位置
        y_site = WIN_H  # 雪花圆心位置
        X_shift = 0  # x 轴偏移量
        radius = random.randint(6, 10)  # 半径和 y 周上升降量
        xxxxx = random_color(150, 255)
        red = xxxxx[0]
        green = xxxxx[1]
        blue = xxxxx[2]
        yanhua_list.append([x_site, y_site, X_shift, radius, red, green, blue])
    return yanhua_list

然后是画上升过程

def draw_yanhua(yanhua_list: [], screen, bg_size: []):
    global fk_list
    for i in range(len(yanhua_list)):
        # 绘制雪花，颜色、位置、大小
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, (yanhua_list[i][4], yanhua_list[i][5], yanhua_list[i][6]), yanhua_list[i][:2],
                           yanhua_list[i][3] - 3)
        
        yanhua_list[i][0] += yanhua_list[i][2]
        yanhua_list[i][1] -= yanhua_list[i][3]

        if yanhua_list[i][1] <= 0:
            # tmp = []
            yanhua_list[i][1] = WIN_H
            yanhua_list[i][0] = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])
        if yanhua_list[i][1] <= random.randint(200, 400):
            # todo 放烟花
            fk = Fireworks(yanhua_list[i][0], yanhua_list[i][1], -20, n=300, color=red_random(1, 150), v=10)
            fk_list.append(fk)
            yanhua_list[i][1] = WIN_H
            yanhua_list[i][0] = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])

效果图如下：

圈出来的就是上升过程的烟花。
最后就是绽放部分，其实在上升过程的代码中有维护，如果超过某个随机高度，就会生成一个烟花，只是没有渲染，现在我们把渲染加上。

        for fk in fk_list:
            fk.run()
            for p in fk.p_list:
                x, y = fk.x + p[1] * math.cos(p[0]), fk.y + p[1] * math.sin(p[0])
                if random.random() < 0.055:
                    screen.set_at((int(x), int(y)), (255, 255, 255))
                else:
                    screen.set_at((int(x), int(y)), (int(fk.color[0]), int(fk.color[1]), int(fk.color[2])))
        tmp = []
        for fk in fk_list:
            for p in fk.p_list:
                x, y = fk.x + p[1] * math.cos(p[0]), fk.y + p[1] * math.sin(p[0])
                if y < WIN_H - 1000:
                    tmp.append(fk)
                    break
        fk_list = tmp

最终的运行效果就如最顶上的效果一样。

完整代码

将上述过程进行组合，结果如下，感兴趣的朋友可以按自己的需求进行优化。

import pygame
import random
import math

pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.init()
pygame.font.init()

WIN_W = 2200
WIN_H = 1300

t1 = 0.18  # 时间流速
show_n = 0
show_frequency = 0.0015  # 烟花绽放频率，数值越大频率越高


color_list = [
    [255, 0, 0]
]

yanhua_map = {}
fk_list = []


class Fireworks():
    is_show = False
    x, y = 0, 0
    vy = 0
    p_list = []
    color = [0, 0, 0]
    v = 0

    def __init__(self, x, y, vy, n=300, color=[0, 255, 0], v=10):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.vy = vy
        self.color = color
        self.v = v
        for i in range(n):
            self.p_list.append([random.random() * 2 * math.pi, 0, v * math.pow(random.random(), 1 / 3)])

    def run(self):
        global show_n
        for p in self.p_list:
            p[1] = p[1] + (random.random() * 0.6 + 0.7) * p[2]
            p[2] = p[2] * 0.97
            if p[2] < 1.2:
                self.color[0] *= 0.9999
                self.color[1] *= 0.9999
                self.color[2] *= 0.9999
            if max(self.color) < 10 or self.y > WIN_H + p[1]:
                show_n -= 1
                self.is_show = False
                break
        self.vy += 10 * t1
        self.y += self.vy * t1


def random_color(l, r):
    return [random.randint(l, r), random.randint(l, r), random.randint(l, r)]


def red_random(l, r):
    return [255, random.randint(l, r), random.randint(l, r)]


def init_yanhua(bg_size):
    yanhua_list = []
    for i in range(5):
        x_site = random.randrange(0, WIN_W)  # 雪花圆心位置
        y_site = WIN_H  # 雪花圆心位置
        X_shift = 0  # x 轴偏移量
        radius = random.randint(6, 10)  # 半径和 y 周上升降量
        xxxxx = random_color(150, 255)
        red = xxxxx[0]
        green = xxxxx[1]
        blue = xxxxx[2]
        yanhua_list.append([x_site, y_site, X_shift, radius, red, green, blue])
    return yanhua_list


def init_xue(bg_size):
    snow_list = []
    for i in range(200):
        x_site = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])  # 雪花圆心位置
        y_site = random.randrange(0, bg_size[1])  # 雪花圆心位置
        X_shift = random.randint(-1, 1)  # x 轴偏移量
        radius = random.randint(4, 6)  # 半径和 y 周下降量
        xxxxx = random_color(150, 255)
        # red = xxxxx[0]
        # green = xxxxx[1]
        # blue = xxxxx[2]
        snow_list.append([x_site, y_site, X_shift, radius, 255, 255, 255])
    return snow_list


def draw_xue(snow_list: [], screen, bg_size: [], grand_has: set, grand_list: []):
    # 雪花列表循环
    # todo 空中的雪
    for i in range(len(snow_list)):
        # 绘制雪花，颜色、位置、大小
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, (snow_list[i][4], snow_list[i][5], snow_list[i][6]), snow_list[i][:2],
                           snow_list[i][3] - 3)
        # 移动雪花位置（下一次循环起效）
        snow_list[i][0] += snow_list[i][2]
        snow_list[i][1] += snow_list[i][3]
        # 如果雪花落出屏幕，重设位置
        if snow_list[i][1] > bg_size[1]:
            # tmp = []
            snow_list[i][1] = random.randrange(-50, -10)
            snow_list[i][0] = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])
            x = snow_list[i][0]
            y = bg_size[1]
            while (grand_has.__contains__(x * 10000 + y)):
                y = y - snow_list[i][3]
            grand_has.add(x * 10000 + y)
            grand_list.append(
                [x, y, snow_list[i][2], snow_list[i][3], snow_list[i][4], snow_list[i][5],
                 snow_list[i][6]])

def draw_yanhua(yanhua_list: [], screen, bg_size: []):
    global fk_list
    for i in range(len(yanhua_list)):
        # 绘制雪花，颜色、位置、大小
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, (yanhua_list[i][4], yanhua_list[i][5], yanhua_list[i][6]), yanhua_list[i][:2],
                           yanhua_list[i][3] - 3)
        # 移动雪花位置（下一次循环起效）
        yanhua_list[i][0] += yanhua_list[i][2]
        yanhua_list[i][1] -= yanhua_list[i][3]
        # 如果雪花落出屏幕，重设位置
        if yanhua_list[i][1] <= 0:
            # tmp = []
            yanhua_list[i][1] = WIN_H
            yanhua_list[i][0] = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])
        if yanhua_list[i][1] <= random.randint(200, 400):
            # todo 放烟花
            fk = Fireworks(yanhua_list[i][0], yanhua_list[i][1], -20, n=300, color=red_random(1, 150), v=10)
            fk_list.append(fk)
            yanhua_list[i][1] = WIN_H
            yanhua_list[i][0] = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])


def show_shi(a: list, n, screen):
    i = 2 * n - 1
    j = 2 * n
    if i >= len(a):
        i = len(a) - 2
        j = len(a) - 1
    if i >= 0:
        myfont = pygame.font.SysFont('simHei', 30)
        textsurface = myfont.render(a[i], False, random_color(150, 255))
        screen.blit(textsurface, (WIN_W / 2, 30))
    if j >= 0:
        myfont = pygame.font.SysFont('simHei', 100)
        textsurface = myfont.render(a[j], False, red_random(1, 1))
        screen.blit(textsurface, (WIN_W / 2 - 200, 50))


def main():
    global show_n
    global fk_list
    bg_size = (WIN_W, WIN_H)
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(bg_size)
    # bg_img = "./1.png"
    pygame.display.set_caption("新年快乐")
    # bg = pygame.image.load(bg_img)
    pygame.mixer.music.load('D:\CloudMusic\小时姑娘 - 霞光-《精灵世纪》片尾曲.mp3')
    grand_list = []
    font_values = ['新年快乐']

    grand_has = set()

    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    yanhua_list = init_yanhua(bg_size)
    snow_list = init_xue(bg_size)
    # 游戏主循环
    while True:
        if not pygame.mixer.music.get_busy():
            pygame.mixer.music.play()
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                exit()
        screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
        draw_yanhua(yanhua_list, screen, bg_size)
        if len(fk_list) != 0:
            print(len(fk_list))
        # # 放烟花
        show_shi(font_values, 0, screen)
        for fk in fk_list:
            fk.run()
            for p in fk.p_list:
                x, y = fk.x + p[1] * math.cos(p[0]), fk.y + p[1] * math.sin(p[0])
                if random.random() < 0.055:
                    screen.set_at((int(x), int(y)), (255, 255, 255))
                else:
                    screen.set_at((int(x), int(y)), (int(fk.color[0]), int(fk.color[1]), int(fk.color[2])))
        tmp = []
        for fk in fk_list:
            for p in fk.p_list:
                x, y = fk.x + p[1] * math.cos(p[0]), fk.y + p[1] * math.sin(p[0])
                if y < WIN_H - 1000:
                    tmp.append(fk)
                    break
        fk_list = tmp
        min_height = 100000
        # todo 地上的积雪
        for i in range(len(grand_list)):
            if grand_list[i][0] < 375:
                min_height = min(min_height, grand_list[i][1])

        draw_xue(snow_list, screen, bg_size, grand_has, grand_list)
        for i in range(len(grand_list)):
            pygame.draw.circle(screen, (grand_list[i][4], grand_list[i][5], grand_list[i][6]), grand_list[i][:2],
                               grand_list[i][3] - 3)
        pygame.display.update()
        time_passed = clock.tick(50)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()