图书管理系统 (单链表实现，C++及文件操作，超详细）
大家好！这里是小张，五一即将到来，小张在这里提前祝大家劳动节快乐！那么今天小张给大家带来的是由单链表，C++以及文件操作实现的图书信息管理系统，废话不多说，我们现在就开始。
目录
图书管理系统菜单
void menu()
{
cout << "ttt******************************************************************" << endl;
cout << "ttt*******************欢迎光临图书管理系统***************************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 1.输入-1 退出程序 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 2.输入1 录入信息 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 3.输入2 陈列信息 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 4.输入3 按编号查找 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 5.输入4 按书名查找 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 6.输入5 删除 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 7.输入6 插入 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 8.输入7 修改 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt******************************************************************" << endl;
}单链表的实现
ypedef struct londe
{
admin data;//数据域
struct londe *next;//指针域
}londe, *strlonde;图书类
class admin
{
public:
char name[100];
char num[100];
char tel[100];
char name1[100];
char adress[100];
};图书管理系统单链表的创建
void londecreat(strlonde&L,int n)
{
L = (strlonde)malloc(sizeof(londe));
L->next = NULL;
strlonde p, q;
q = L;
int i =0;
cout << "请您依次输入图书编号，图书名，图书作者，图书出版社，价格" << endl;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
p= (strlonde)malloc(sizeof(londe));
cin >> p->data.name;
cin >> p->data.num;
cin >> p->data.tel;
cin >> p->data.name1;
cin >> p->data.adress;
p->next = NULL;
q->next = p;
q = p;
}
ofstream ofs;//创建文件流
ofs.open("text.txt", ios::out);//指定打开方式（在双引号里，可以根据自行情况进行更改）
strlonde S;
S = L->next;
while (S)
{
ofs << S->data.name << " " << S->data.num << " " << S->data.tel << " " <<S->data.name1<<" "<<S->data.adress<<" "<< endl;
S = S->next;
}
ofs.close();//关闭文件
}文件操作
我们为什么要使用文件操作，是因为“许多程序在实现过程中,依赖于把数据保存到变量中,而变量是通过内存单元存储数据的,数据的处理完全由程序控制。当一个程序运行完成或者终止的时候,所有变量的值不再保存。另外,当输入输出数据量较大时,就会受限,带来不便。文件是解决这些问题的有效办法,他通过把数据存储在磁盘文件中,得以长久保存。当有大量数据输入时,可通过编辑工具事先建立输入数据的文件,程序运行时将不再从键盘输入,而是从指定的文件上读入,从而实现数据的一次输入多次使用。”
写文件分为五步操作：
1.包含头文件
#include<fstream>
2.创建流对象
ofstream ofs;
3.打开文件
ofs.open("文件路径"，打开方式)；
4.写数据
ofs<<"写入的数据"；
5.关闭文件
ofs.close();
读文件也是五步操作：
1.包含头文件
#include<fstream>
2.创建流对象
ifstream ifs;
3.打开文件并判断是否成功
ifs.open("文件路径"，打开方式)；
4.读数据
四种方式读取
5.关闭文件
ifs.close();
具体的代码在图书信息管理系统中实现
陈列信息
void display(strlonde&L)
{
ifstream ifs;//创建流对象
ifs.open("text.txt",ios::in);//打开文件
char buf[10000] = { 0 };
int i = 0;
cout << "下面是您录入的信息" << endl;
while (ifs >> buf)//读取文件中数据
{
if (i % 5 == 0)
{
cout <<endl;
}
cout << buf << " ";
i++;
}
ifs.close();//关闭文件
}根据编号查找图书
void findname(char *arr)
{
char a[100];
strcpy_s(a, arr);
ifstream ifs;//创建流对象
ifs.open("text.txt", ios::in);//打开文件
char buf[1000] = { 0 };
int i = 0;
while (ifs >> buf)//读入文件
{
int n = strcmp(a, buf);
if (n == 0)
{
cout << buf << " ";
i++;
continue;
}
if (i > 5)
{
return;
}
if (i <=5 && i >=1)
{
cout << buf << " ";
i++;
}
}
ifs.close();//关闭文件
}根据书名查找
void findnum(char *arr)
{
char a[100];
strcpy_s(a, arr);
ifstream ifs;
ifs.open("text.txt", ios::in);
char buf[10000] = { 0 };
int i = 0;
while (ifs >> buf)
{
if (i == 3)
{
cout << buf << " ";
return;
}
if (i==2)
{
cout << buf << " ";
i++;
}
if (i == 1)
{
cout << buf << " ";
i++;
}
int n = strcmp(a, buf);
if (n == 0)
{
cout << buf << " ";
i++;
}
}
ifs.close();
}通过图书编号删除图书信息
void delete1(strlonde&L,char *arr)
{
char a[100], b[100];
int i = 0, j = 0, count = 0;
strcpy_s(a, arr);
while (*arr != '')
{
count++;
arr++;
}
strlonde p, q, r;
q = L;
p = L->next;
while (p != NULL)
{
strcpy_s(b, p->data.name);
i = 0, j = 0;
while (a[i] == b[j] && a[i] != ''&&b[j] != '')
{
i++;
j++;
}
if (i == count)
{
r = p;
while (q)
{
while (q->next == r)
{
q->next = q->next->next;
free(r);
cout << "删除图书信息成功！" << endl;
ofstream ofs;
ofs.open("text.txt", ios::out);
strlonde S;
S = L->next;
while (S)
{
ofs << S->data.name << " " << S->data.num << " " << S->data.tel << " " << S->data.name1 << " " << S->data.adress << " " << endl;
S = S->next;
}
ofs.close();
return;
}
q = q->next;
}
}
p = p->next;
}
}插入图书信息
void insert(strlonde&L, char*arr, char*arr2, char*arr3, char*arr4,char*arr5,char*arr6)
{ strlonde p, q, s;
char a[100], b[100];
int count = 0, i = 0, j = 0;
s = (strlonde)malloc(sizeof(londe));
strcpy_s(s->data.name, arr3);
strcpy_s(s->data.num, arr2);
strcpy_s(s->data.tel, arr4);
strcpy_s(s->data.name1, arr5);
strcpy_s(s->data.adress, arr6);
strcpy_s(a, arr);
while (*arr != '')
{
count++;
arr++;
}
q = L;
p = L->next;
while (p != NULL)
{
strcpy_s(b, p->data.name);
i = 0, j = 0;
while (a[i] == b[j] && a[i] != ''&&b[j] != '')
{
i++;
j++;
}
if (i == count)
{
while (q)
{
while (q->next == p)
{
q->next = s;
s->next = p;
cout << "插入成功" << endl;
ofstream ofs;
ofs.open("text.txt", ios::out);
strlonde S;
S = L->next;
while (S)
{
ofs << S->data.name << " " << S->data.num << " " << S->data.tel << " " << S->data.name1 << " " << S->data.adress << " " << endl;
S = S->next;
}
ofs.close();
return;
}
q = q->next;
}
}
p = p->next;
}
}修改图书信息
void modify(strlonde&L, char*arr,char*arr1,char*arr2,char*arr3,char*arr4,char*arr5)
{
char a[100], b[100];
strcpy_s(a, arr);
strlonde p;
int count = 0, i = 0, j = 0;
while (*arr != '')
{
count++;
arr++;
}
p = L->next;
while (p)
{
strcpy_s(b, p->data.name);
i = 0, j = 0;
while (a[i] == b[j] && a[i] != ''&&b[j] != '')
{
i++;
j++;
}
if (i == count)
{
strcpy_s(p->data.num, arr1);
strcpy_s(p->data.name, arr2);
strcpy_s(p->data.tel, arr3);
strcpy_s(p->data.name1, arr4);
strcpy_s(p->data.adress, arr5);
cout << "修改成功" << endl;
ofstream ofs;
ofs.open("text.txt", ios::out);
strlonde S;
S = L->next;
while (S)
{
ofs << S->data.name << " " << S->data.num << " " << S->data.tel << " " << S->data.name1 << " " << S->data.adress << " " << endl;
S = S->next;
}
ofs.close();
return;
}
p = p->next;
}
}switch语句实现功能
switch (x)
{
case 1:
cout << "现在开始录入信息，请输入您要录入几本书的信息" << endl;
cin >> n;
londecreat(L, n);
cout << "录入完成" << endl;
break;
case 2:
display(L);
break;
case 3:
cout << "请输入您要进行查找的图书的编号" << endl;
cin >> arr;
findname(arr);
break;
case 4:
cout << "请输入您要进行查找图书名" << endl;
cin >> arr2;
findnum(arr2);
break;
case 5:
cout << "请输入您要删除图书的编号" << endl;
cin >> arr4;
delete1(L, arr4);
break;
case 6:
cout << "请输入您要进行插入地方图书的编号以及插入的图书编号，图书名，图书作者，图书出版社，价格" << endl;
cin >> arr5 >> arr6 >> arr7 >> arr8 >> arr13 >> arr14;
insert(L, arr5, arr6, arr7, arr8,arr13,arr14);
break;
case 7:
cout << "请输入您要进行修改的用户的编号以及您需要修改的信息" << endl;
cin >> arr9 >> arr10 >> arr11 >> arr12 >> arr15 >> arr16;
modify(L, arr9, arr10, arr11, arr12,arr15,arr16);
break;
default:
cout << "您的输入有误，请重新输入" << endl;
}
}整体代码
#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<fstream>
#define Max 1000
using namespace std;
class admin
{
public:
char name[100];
char num[100];
char tel[100];
char name1[100];
char adress[100];
};
typedef struct londe
{
admin data;
struct londe *next;
}londe, *strlonde;
void londecreat(strlonde&L,int n)
{
L = (strlonde)malloc(sizeof(londe));
L->next = NULL;
strlonde p, q;
q = L;
int i =0;
cout << "请您依次输入图书编号，图书名，图书作者，图书出版社，价格" << endl;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
p= (strlonde)malloc(sizeof(londe));
cin >> p->data.name;
cin >> p->data.num;
cin >> p->data.tel;
cin >> p->data.name1;
cin >> p->data.adress;
p->next = NULL;
q->next = p;
q = p;
}
ofstream ofs;
ofs.open("text.txt", ios::out);
strlonde S;
S = L->next;
while (S)
{
ofs << S->data.name << " " << S->data.num << " " << S->data.tel << " " <<S->data.name1<<" "<<S->data.adress<<" "<< endl;
S = S->next;
}
ofs.close();
}
void display(strlonde&L)
{
ifstream ifs;
ifs.open("text.txt",ios::in);
char buf[10000] = { 0 };
int i = 0;
cout << "下面是您录入的信息" << endl;
while (ifs >> buf)
{
if (i % 5 == 0)
{
cout <<endl;
}
cout << buf << " ";
i++;
}
ifs.close();
}
void findname(char *arr)
{
char a[100];
strcpy_s(a, arr);
ifstream ifs;
ifs.open("text.txt", ios::in);
char buf[1000] = { 0 };
int i = 0;
while (ifs >> buf)
{
int n = strcmp(a, buf);
if (n == 0)
{
cout << buf << " ";
i++;
continue;
}
if (i > 5)
{
return;
}
if (i <=5 && i >=1)
{
cout << buf << " ";
i++;
}
}
ifs.close();
}
void findnum(char *arr)
{
char a[100];
strcpy_s(a, arr);
ifstream ifs;
ifs.open("text.txt", ios::in);
char buf[10000] = { 0 };
int i = 0;
while (ifs >> buf)
{
if (i == 3)
{
cout << buf << " ";
return;
}
if (i==2)
{
cout << buf << " ";
i++;
}
if (i == 1)
{
cout << buf << " ";
i++;
}
int n = strcmp(a, buf);
if (n == 0)
{
cout << buf << " ";
i++;
}
}
ifs.close();
}
void delete1(strlonde&L,char *arr)
{
char a[100], b[100];
int i = 0, j = 0, count = 0;
strcpy_s(a, arr);
while (*arr != '')
{
count++;
arr++;
}
strlonde p, q, r;
q = L;
p = L->next;
while (p != NULL)
{
strcpy_s(b, p->data.name);
i = 0, j = 0;
while (a[i] == b[j] && a[i] != ''&&b[j] != '')
{
i++;
j++;
}
if (i == count)
{
r = p;
while (q)
{
while (q->next == r)
{
q->next = q->next->next;
free(r);
cout << "删除图书信息成功！" << endl;
ofstream ofs;
ofs.open("text.txt", ios::out);
strlonde S;
S = L->next;
while (S)
{
ofs << S->data.name << " " << S->data.num << " " << S->data.tel << " " << S->data.name1 << " " << S->data.adress << " " << endl;
S = S->next;
}
ofs.close();
return;
}
q = q->next;
}
}
p = p->next;
}
}
void insert(strlonde&L, char*arr, char*arr2, char*arr3, char*arr4,char*arr5,char*arr6)
{ strlonde p, q, s;
char a[100], b[100];
int count = 0, i = 0, j = 0;
s = (strlonde)malloc(sizeof(londe));
strcpy_s(s->data.name, arr3);
strcpy_s(s->data.num, arr2);
strcpy_s(s->data.tel, arr4);
strcpy_s(s->data.name1, arr5);
strcpy_s(s->data.adress, arr6);
strcpy_s(a, arr);
while (*arr != '')
{
count++;
arr++;
}
q = L;
p = L->next;
while (p != NULL)
{
strcpy_s(b, p->data.name);
i = 0, j = 0;
while (a[i] == b[j] && a[i] != ''&&b[j] != '')
{
i++;
j++;
}
if (i == count)
{
while (q)
{
while (q->next == p)
{
q->next = s;
s->next = p;
cout << "插入成功" << endl;
ofstream ofs;
ofs.open("text.txt", ios::out);
strlonde S;
S = L->next;
while (S)
{
ofs << S->data.name << " " << S->data.num << " " << S->data.tel << " " << S->data.name1 << " " << S->data.adress << " " << endl;
S = S->next;
}
ofs.close();
return;
}
q = q->next;
}
}
p = p->next;
}
}
void modify(strlonde&L, char*arr,char*arr1,char*arr2,char*arr3,char*arr4,char*arr5)
{
char a[100], b[100];
strcpy_s(a, arr);
strlonde p;
int count = 0, i = 0, j = 0;
while (*arr != '')
{
count++;
arr++;
}
p = L->next;
while (p)
{
strcpy_s(b, p->data.name);
i = 0, j = 0;
while (a[i] == b[j] && a[i] != ''&&b[j] != '')
{
i++;
j++;
}
if (i == count)
{
strcpy_s(p->data.num, arr1);
strcpy_s(p->data.name, arr2);
strcpy_s(p->data.tel, arr3);
strcpy_s(p->data.name1, arr4);
strcpy_s(p->data.adress, arr5);
cout << "修改成功" << endl;
ofstream ofs;
ofs.open("text.txt", ios::out);
strlonde S;
S = L->next;
while (S)
{
ofs << S->data.name << " " << S->data.num << " " << S->data.tel << " " << S->data.name1 << " " << S->data.adress << " " << endl;
S = S->next;
}
ofs.close();
return;
}
p = p->next;
}
}
void menu()
{
cout << "ttt******************************************************************" << endl;
cout << "ttt*******************欢迎光临图书管理系统***************************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 1.输入-1 退出程序 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 2.输入1 录入信息 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 3.输入2 陈列信息 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 4.输入3 按编号查找 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 5.输入4 按书名查找 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 6.输入5 删除 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 7.输入6 插入 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt**************** 8.输入7 修改 *******************" << endl;
cout << "ttt******************************************************************" << endl;
}
int main()
{
strlonde L;
char arr[100], arr2[100], arr4[100], arr5[100], arr6[100], arr7[100], arr8[100], arr9[100], arr10[100], arr11[100], arr12[100], arr13[100], arr14[100], arr15[100], arr16[100];
int n = 0;
int x = 0;
menu();
while (cin >> x)
{
if (x < 0)
{
break;
}
switch (x)
{
case 1:
cout << "现在开始录入信息，请输入您要录入几本书的信息" << endl;
cin >> n;
londecreat(L, n);
cout << "录入完成" << endl;
break;
case 2:
display(L);
break;
case 3:
cout << "请输入您要进行查找的图书的编号" << endl;
cin >> arr;
findname(arr);
break;
case 4:
cout << "请输入您要进行查找图书名" << endl;
cin >> arr2;
findnum(arr2);
break;
case 5:
cout << "请输入您要删除图书的编号" << endl;
cin >> arr4;
delete1(L, arr4);
break;
case 6:
cout << "请输入您要进行插入地方图书的编号以及插入的图书编号，图书名，图书作者，图书出版社，价格" << endl;
cin >> arr5 >> arr6 >> arr7 >> arr8 >> arr13 >> arr14;
insert(L, arr5, arr6, arr7, arr8,arr13,arr14);
break;
case 7:
cout << "请输入您要进行修改的用户的编号以及您需要修改的信息" << endl;
cin >> arr9 >> arr10 >> arr11 >> arr12 >> arr15 >> arr16;
modify(L, arr9, arr10, arr11, arr12,arr15,arr16);
break;
default:
cout << "您的输入有误，请重新输入" << endl;
}
}
return 0;
}到这里，这个图书信息管理系统的基本功能就已经全部实现了，下面我们来看看运行后是什么样子：
结果展示
这里是刚刚打开时的界面
录入及陈列信息
按照编号查找
按照书名查找
根据编号删除图书
插入操作
保存到txt文件中的样子
结束语
到了这里今天的内容就已经全部的结束了，希望小张的图书信息管理系统可以给大家带来帮助，同时也希望大家可以多多支持支持小张，小张在这里提前谢谢大家啦！
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