Android—Uri全解
目录
Uri简介
通用资源标识符(Universal Resource Identifier) 简称Uri
Uri 代表要操作的数据，Android 上可用的资源(图像、视频片段)都可以用Uri表示
Android的Uri由以下三部分组成
1."content://"、数据的路径、标识ID（可选）
例如所有图片
1. Uri：content://media/external
2. Uri uri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
某个图片
Uri：content://media/external/images/media/4
Android 提供他了两个用于操作Uri的工具类，分别为UriMatcher 和ContentUris
UriMatcher
UriMatcher 类主要用于匹配Uri
public static final int BOOK_DIR = 0;
public static final int BOOK_ITEM = 1;
//第一步，初始化
UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
//第二步，注册待匹配的Uri
matcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"book",BOOK_DIR);
matcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"book/#",BOOK_ITEM);
//第三步，进行匹配
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://" + "com.example.yy" + "/book");
int match = matcher.match(uri);
switch (match){
case BOOK_DIR:
return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/book";
case BOOK_ITEM:
return "vnd.android.cursor.item/book";
default:
return null;
}
//上面返回的是Uri对应的MIMEContentUris
获取Uri路径后面的ID
//比如有这样一个Uri
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.yy/book");
//通过ContentUris的withAppendedId()方法，为该Uri加上ID
Uri resultUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 10);
//最后resultUri为:
//content://com.example.yy/book/10 从路径中获取ID
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.yy/book/10")
long personid = ContentUris.parseId(uri); uri与file、path相互转化
Uri转file
File = new File(new URI(uri.toString)));Uri转path
private String getPath(Context context, Uri uri) {
String path = null;
Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null);
if (cursor == null) {
return null;
}
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
try {
path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
cursor.close();
return path;
}file转Uri
URI uri = file.toURI();file转path
string path = file.getPath();path转Uri
Uri uri = Uri.parse(path);path转file
File file = new File(path);被document封装过后的Uri
Android4.4之前的Uri形式
Uri ： content://media/extenral/images/media/17766
Android4.4之后的Uri形式
content://com.android.providers.media.documents/document/image%3A82482
由此可见，4.4以上的系统使用了document封装过了
通过获取图片路径代码来分析document
Android4.4之后获取图片路径
private void handleImageOkKitKat(Intent data) {
String imagePath=null;
Uri uri = data.getData();
Log.d("intent.getData :",""+uri);
if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this,uri)){
String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
Log.d("getDocumentId(uri) :",""+docId);
Log.d("uri.getAuthority() :",""+uri.getAuthority());
if ("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
String id = docId.split(":")[1];
String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,selection);
}
else if ("com.android,providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"),Long.valueOf(docId));
imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri,null);
}
}
else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
imagePath = getImagePath(uri,null);
}
displayImage(imagePath);
}4.4以上获得的Uri内容
Uri uri = data.getData(); Log.d("intent.getData :",""+uri);
运行结果：D/uri=intent.getData :﹕ content://com.android.providers .media.documents/document/image%3A82483 可以看到Uri不同于之前系统版本， 选取不同的图片观察Uri是相同的。
判断该Uri是否是document封装过的
静态方法：isDocumentUri(Context context, Uri uri)
DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this,uri
获取图片数据库数据表里指定的行
静态方法：getDocumentId(Uri uri)
String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
运行结果： D/getDocumentId(uri) :﹕ image:82482 返回一个字符串， 实际上就代表了该图片存储数据库数据表里的行的位置。
获取Uri的路径 getAuthority()
属于Uri对象的对象方法。
uri.getAuthority()
运行结果： D/uri.getAuthority() :﹕ com.android.providers.media.documents 可以对照Uri的组成判断。 “content://” + 数据的路径 + 标示ID(可选)
如果路径不同获取图片的方式是不一样的
if ("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
String id = docId.split(":")[1];
String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,selection); }
else if ("com.android,providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"),Long.valueOf(docId));
imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri,null);
}
com.android.providers.media.documents路径下的图片是经过特殊封装的，
而com.android.providers.downloads.documents并没有。
观察获取图片完整路径的方法
这里再观察获取图片完整路径的方法（getImagePath）的代码,本质是使用内容提供器获取数据:
public String getImagePath(Uri uri,String selection) {
String path = null;
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri,null,selection,null,null); //内容提供器
if (cursor!=null){
if (cursor.moveToFirst()){
path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA)); //获取路径
}
}
cursor.close();
return path;
}由上，可以知道com.android.providers.media.documents使用document封装是向数据表添加了MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA列形成了一个新数据库
MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI只有根据MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA来查询，此时的id（id指的不是之前的getDocumentId(uri)的docID,而是将docID以：分割获取的数值标号）是对应图片行MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA列的标号。
而com.android.providers.downloads.documents路径则是以4.4之前版本的形式的Uri存储的。
Android4.4 之前获取图片路径
private void handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent data) {
Uri uri = data.getData();
String imagePath = getImagePath(uri,null);
displayImage(imagePath);
}Uri里就包含了该图片所在行的id。
Uri ： content://media/extenral/images/media/17766
使用内容提供器可以轻松获取路径。
一个调用相册获取图片的demo
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final int TAKE_PHOTO = 1;
private static final int CROP_PHOTO = 2;
private static final int CHOOSE_PIC = 3;
private Button takePhoto;
private Button choosePicture;
private ImageView picture;
Uri imageUri;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
picture = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.picture);
takePhoto = (Button) findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
File outputFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"output_image.jpg");
try{
if (outputFile.exists()){
outputFile.delete();
}
outputFile.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outputFile);
Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,imageUri);
startActivityForResult(intent,TAKE_PHOTO);
}
});
choosePicture = (Button) findViewById(R.id.choose_picture);
choosePicture.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
intent.setType("image/*");
startActivityForResult(intent,CHOOSE_PIC);
}
});
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){
switch (requestCode){
case TAKE_PHOTO:
if (resultCode==RESULT_OK){
Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
intent.setDataAndType(imageUri,"image/*");
intent.putExtra("scale", true);
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,imageUri);
startActivityForResult(intent,CROP_PHOTO);
}
break;
case CROP_PHOTO:
if (resultCode==RESULT_OK){
try {
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
break;
case CHOOSE_PIC:
if (resultCode==RESULT_OK){
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=19){
handleImageOkKitKat(data);
}
else{
handleImageBeforeKitKat(data);
}
}
default:
break;
}
}
private void handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent data) {
Uri uri = data.getData();
String imagePath = getImagePath(uri,null);
displayImage(imagePath);
}
private void handleImageOkKitKat(Intent data) {
String imagePath=null;
Uri uri = data.getData();
Log.d("uri=intent.getData :",""+uri);
if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this,uri)){
String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri); //数据表里指定的行
Log.d("getDocumentId(uri) :",""+docId);
Log.d("uri.getAuthority() :",""+uri.getAuthority());
if ("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
String id = docId.split(":")[1];
String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,selection);
}
else if ("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"),Long.valueOf(docId));
imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri,null);
}
}
else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
imagePath = getImagePath(uri,null);
}
displayImage(imagePath);
}
private void displayImage(String imagePath) {
if (imagePath!=null){
Bitmap bitImage = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
picture.setImageBitmap(bitImage);
}
else{
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"failed to get image",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
public String getImagePath(Uri uri,String selection) {
String path = null;
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri,null,selection,null,null); //内容提供器
if (cursor!=null){
if (cursor.moveToFirst()){
path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA)); //获取路径
}
}
cursor.close();
return path;
}
}常用Uri
显示网页:
1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://www.google.com");
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,uri);
3. startActivity(it);
显示地图:
1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476");
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.Action_VIEW,uri);
3. startActivity(it);
路径规划:
1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=startLat%20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en");
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,URI);
3. startActivity(it);
拨打电话:
调用拨号程序
1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:xxxxxx");
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri);
3. startActivity(it);
1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel.xxxxxx");
2. Intent it =new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL,uri);
3. 要使用这个必须在配置文件中加入<uses-permission id="Android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />
发送SMS/MMS
调用发送短信的程序
1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
2. it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");
3. it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms");
4. startActivity(it);
发送短信
1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:0800000123");
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
3. it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");
4. startActivity(it);
发送彩信
1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23");
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
3. it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text");
4. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);
5. it.setType("image/png");
6. startActivity(it);
发送Email
1.
2. Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:[email protected]");
3. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
4. startActivity(it);
1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
2. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "[email protected]");
3. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
4. it.setType("text/plain");
5. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
1. Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
2. String[] tos={"[email protected]"};
3. String[] ccs={"[email protected]"};
4. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);
5. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);
6. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
7. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
8. it.setType("message/rfc822");
9. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
添加附件
1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
2. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
3. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "[url=]file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3[/url]");
4. sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");
5. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
播放多媒体
1.
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
3. Uri uri = Uri.parse("[url=]file:///sdcard/song.mp3[/url]");
4. it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3");
5. startActivity(it);
1. Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1");
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
3. startActivity(it);
Uninstall 程序
1. Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null);
2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri);
3. startActivity(it);
//调用相册
public static final String MIME_TYPE_IMAGE_JPEG = "image/*";
public static final int ACTIVITY_GET_IMAGE = 0;
Intent getImage = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
getImage.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
getImage.setType(MIME_TYPE_IMAGE_JPEG);
startActivityForResult(getImage, ACTIVITY_GET_IMAGE);
//调用系统相机应用程序，并存储拍下来的照片
Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
time = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(new File(Environment
.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()+"/tucue", time + ".jpg")));
startActivityForResult(intent, ACTIVITY_GET_CAMERA_IMAGE);
uninstall apk
/**未测试
Uri uninstallUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null);
returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uninstallUri);
*/
Uri packageURI = Uri.parse("package:"+wistatmap);
Intent uninstallIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, packageURI);
startActivity(uninstallIntent);
install apk
Uri installUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null);
returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, installUri);
play audio
Uri playUri = Uri.parse("[url=]file:///sdcard/download/everything.mp3[/url]");
returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, playUri);
//发送附件
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "[url=]file:///sdcard/eoe.mp3[/url]");
sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
//搜索应用
Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
//where pkg_name is the full package path for an application
//进入联系人页面
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intent.setData(People.CONTENT_URI);
startActivity(intent);
//查看指定联系人
Uri personUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI, info.id);//info.id联系人ID
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intent.setData(personUri);
startActivity(intent);