PCIE学习系列 五(Linux之PCIe设备驱动开发框架)

概述

本文讲述一个开源的PCIe设备驱动,通过这个例子可以基本上理解所有的PCIe设备驱动。后续也会做关于Linux各类驱动的文章。

通过前面的学习,我们知道PCIe设备访问之前需要先做枚举。一般来说,PCI设备的枚举操作不需要我们来做,BIOS或者系统初始化时已经做好了,当系统枚举完所有设备之后,PCI设备就会添加进系统,在Linux下使用 “lspci” 就能看到系统扫描到的所有PCI设备,我们只需要关注PCI设备driver的实现就好了。

在Linux源码中随便找了一个开源代码,tsi721(一款PCIe转RapidIO芯片)的一些源码,基本上一个普通的PCIE设备驱动模型都是这样的,其中在加上一些设备独有的处理流程。

那么PCIe驱动的入口在哪呢?

当系统枚举到的PCI设备的vendor id和device id与driver中的id匹配上之后,就会调用driver中的probe函数。

static const struct pci_device_id tsi721_pci_tbl[] = {
    { PCI_DEVICE(PCI_VENDOR_ID_IDT, PCI_DEVICE_ID_TSI721) },
    { 0, }  /* terminate list */
};

MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pci, tsi721_pci_tbl);

static struct pci_driver tsi721_driver = {
    .name       = "tsi721",
    .id_table   = tsi721_pci_tbl,
    .probe      = tsi721_probe,
    .remove     = tsi721_remove,
    .shutdown   = tsi721_shutdown,
};

module_pci_driver(tsi721_driver);

PCIe设备驱动不是通过name匹配,而是通过id去匹配的,当驱动与设备匹配上之后,就会执行tsi721_probe函数,一般的PCIe驱动基本上会用到以下步骤:

驱动加载流程

  1. pci_enable_device(pdev); 使能pci设备

  2. pci_resource_len(pdev, BAR_0);获取pci设备的资源大小,这是枚举时得到的值

  3. pci_request_regions(pdev, DRV_NAME); 申请pci设备资源

  4. pci_ioremap_bar(pdev, BAR_0); 映射虚拟内存

  5. pci_set_master(pdev); 设置pci设备为master,master模式才能主动发起数据传输

  6. pci_enable_msi(pdev); 使能MSI中断

  7. request_irq(priv->pdev->irq, tsi721_irqhandler,(priv->flags & TSI721_USING_MSI) ? 0 : IRQF_SHARED,DRV_NAME, (void *)priv); 注册中断处理函数

    初始化流程中关于PCIe的就基本上完成了,其余还有关于具体业务的初始化,下面可以结合源码看看。

static int tsi721_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev,
                  const struct pci_device_id *id)
{
    struct tsi721_device *priv;
    int err;

    priv = kzalloc(sizeof(struct tsi721_device), GFP_KERNEL);
    if (!priv) {
        err = -ENOMEM;
        goto err_exit;
    }

    err = pci_enable_device(pdev); // 使能pci设备
    if (err) {
        tsi_err(&pdev->dev, "Failed to enable PCI device");
        goto err_clean;
    }

    priv->pdev = pdev;

#ifdef DEBUG
    {
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < PCI_STD_NUM_BARS; i++) {
            tsi_debug(INIT, &pdev->dev, "res%d %pR",
                  i, &pdev->resource[i]);
        }
    }
#endif
    /*
     * Verify BAR configuration
     */

    /* BAR_0 (registers) must be 512KB+ in 32-bit address space */
    if (!(pci_resource_flags(pdev, BAR_0) & IORESOURCE_MEM) ||
        pci_resource_flags(pdev, BAR_0) & IORESOURCE_MEM_64 ||
        pci_resource_len(pdev, BAR_0) < TSI721_REG_SPACE_SIZE) {// 获取pci设备bar0的资源大小,这是枚举时得到的值
        tsi_err(&pdev->dev, "Missing or misconfigured CSR BAR0");
        err = -ENODEV;
        goto err_disable_pdev;
    }

    /* BAR_1 (outbound doorbells) must be 16MB+ in 32-bit address space */
    if (!(pci_resource_flags(pdev, BAR_1) & IORESOURCE_MEM) ||
        pci_resource_flags(pdev, BAR_1) & IORESOURCE_MEM_64 ||
        pci_resource_len(pdev, BAR_1) < TSI721_DB_WIN_SIZE) {
        tsi_err(&pdev->dev, "Missing or misconfigured Doorbell BAR1");
        err = -ENODEV;
        goto err_disable_pdev;
    }

    /*
     * BAR_2 and BAR_4 (outbound translation) must be in 64-bit PCIe address
     * space.
     * NOTE: BAR_2 and BAR_4 are not used by this version of driver.
     * It may be a good idea to keep them disabled using HW configuration
     * to save PCI memory space.
     */

    priv->p2r_bar[0].size = priv->p2r_bar[1].size = 0;

    if (pci_resource_flags(pdev, BAR_2) & IORESOURCE_MEM_64) {
        if (pci_resource_flags(pdev, BAR_2) & IORESOURCE_PREFETCH)
            tsi_debug(INIT, &pdev->dev,
                 "Prefetchable OBW BAR2 will not be used");
        else {
            priv->p2r_bar[0].base = pci_resource_start(pdev, BAR_2);// 获取bar2的起始地址
            priv->p2r_bar[0].size = pci_resource_len(pdev, BAR_2);// 获取bar2的起始长度
        }
    }

    if (pci_resource_flags(pdev, BAR_4) & IORESOURCE_MEM_64) {
        if (pci_resource_flags(pdev, BAR_4) & IORESOURCE_PREFETCH)
            tsi_debug(INIT, &pdev->dev,
                 "Prefetchable OBW BAR4 will not be used");
        else {
            priv->p2r_bar[1].base = pci_resource_start(pdev, BAR_4);// 获取bar4的起始地址
            priv->p2r_bar[1].size = pci_resource_len(pdev, BAR_4);// 获取bar4的起始长度
        }
    }

    err = pci_request_regions(pdev, DRV_NAME); // 申请pci设备资源
    if (err) {
        tsi_err(&pdev->dev, "Unable to obtain PCI resources");
        goto err_disable_pdev;
    }

    pci_set_master(pdev);			// 设置pci设备为master模式

    priv->regs = pci_ioremap_bar(pdev, BAR_0); // 映射虚拟内存
    if (!priv->regs) {
        tsi_err(&pdev->dev, "Unable to map device registers space");
        err = -ENOMEM;
        goto err_free_res;
    }

    priv->odb_base = pci_ioremap_bar(pdev, BAR_1);// 映射虚拟内存
    if (!priv->odb_base) {
        tsi_err(&pdev->dev, "Unable to map outbound doorbells space");
        err = -ENOMEM;
        goto err_unmap_bars;
    }

    /* Configure DMA attributes. */
    if (pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(64))) {
        err = pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(32)); // 设置dma掩码
        if (err) {
            tsi_err(&pdev->dev, "Unable to set DMA mask");
            goto err_unmap_bars;
        }

        if (pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(32)))
            tsi_info(&pdev->dev, "Unable to set consistent DMA mask");
    } else {
        err = pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(64));
        if (err)
            tsi_info(&pdev->dev, "Unable to set consistent DMA mask");
    }

    BUG_ON(!pci_is_pcie(pdev));

    /* Clear "no snoop" and "relaxed ordering" bits. */
    pcie_capability_clear_and_set_word(pdev, PCI_EXP_DEVCTL,
        PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_RELAX_EN | PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_NOSNOOP_EN, 0);

    /* Override PCIe Maximum Read Request Size setting if requested */
    if (pcie_mrrs >= 0) {
        if (pcie_mrrs <= 5)
            pcie_capability_clear_and_set_word(pdev, PCI_EXP_DEVCTL,
                    PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_READRQ, pcie_mrrs << 12);
        else
            tsi_info(&pdev->dev,
                 "Invalid MRRS override value %d", pcie_mrrs);
    }

    /* Set PCIe completion timeout to 1-10ms */
    pcie_capability_clear_and_set_word(pdev, PCI_EXP_DEVCTL2,
                       PCI_EXP_DEVCTL2_COMP_TIMEOUT, 0x2);

    /*
     * FIXUP: correct offsets of MSI-X tables in the MSI-X Capability Block
     */
    pci_write_config_dword(pdev, TSI721_PCIECFG_EPCTL, 0x01);
    pci_write_config_dword(pdev, TSI721_PCIECFG_MSIXTBL,
                        TSI721_MSIXTBL_OFFSET);
    pci_write_config_dword(pdev, TSI721_PCIECFG_MSIXPBA,
                        TSI721_MSIXPBA_OFFSET);
    pci_write_config_dword(pdev, TSI721_PCIECFG_EPCTL, 0);
    /* End of FIXUP */

    tsi721_disable_ints(priv);

    tsi721_init_pc2sr_mapping(priv);
    tsi721_init_sr2pc_mapping(priv);

    if (tsi721_bdma_maint_init(priv)) {
        tsi_err(&pdev->dev, "BDMA initialization failed");
        err = -ENOMEM;
        goto err_unmap_bars;
    }

    err = tsi721_doorbell_init(priv);
    if (err)
        goto err_free_bdma;

    tsi721_port_write_init(priv);

    err = tsi721_messages_init(priv);
    if (err)
        goto err_free_consistent;

    err = tsi721_setup_mport(priv);
    if (err)
        goto err_free_consistent;

    pci_set_drvdata(pdev, priv);
    tsi721_interrupts_init(priv);

    return 0;

err_free_consistent:
    tsi721_port_write_free(priv);
    tsi721_doorbell_free(priv);
err_free_bdma:
    tsi721_bdma_maint_free(priv);
err_unmap_bars:
    if (priv->regs)
        iounmap(priv->regs);
    if (priv->odb_base)
        iounmap(priv->odb_base);
err_free_res:
    pci_release_regions(pdev);
    pci_clear_master(pdev);
err_disable_pdev:
    pci_disable_device(pdev);
err_clean:
    kfree(priv);
err_exit:
    return err;
}

tsi721_probe调用tsi721_setup_mport(priv),如下所示,和pcie相关的就是msi 中断的使能,中断函数的注册,其他就是芯片具体的业务相关的初始化。

static int tsi721_setup_mport(struct tsi721_device *priv)
{
	struct pci_dev *pdev = priv->pdev;
	int err = 0;
	struct rio_mport *mport = &priv->mport;

	err = rio_mport_initialize(mport);
	if (err)
		return err;

	mport->ops = &tsi721_rio_ops;
	mport->index = 0;
	mport->sys_size = 0; /* small system */
	mport->priv = (void *)priv;
	mport->phys_efptr = 0x100;
	mport->phys_rmap = 1;
	mport->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;
	mport->dev.release = tsi721_mport_release;

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mport->dbells);

	rio_init_dbell_res(&mport->riores[RIO_DOORBELL_RESOURCE], 0, 0xffff);
	rio_init_mbox_res(&mport->riores[RIO_INB_MBOX_RESOURCE], 0, 3);
	rio_init_mbox_res(&mport->riores[RIO_OUTB_MBOX_RESOURCE], 0, 3);
	snprintf(mport->name, RIO_MAX_MPORT_NAME, "%s(%s)",
		 dev_driver_string(&pdev->dev), dev_name(&pdev->dev));

	/* Hook up interrupt handler */

#ifdef CONFIG_PCI_MSI
	if (!tsi721_enable_msix(priv))		// 使能MSI-X中断
		priv->flags |= TSI721_USING_MSIX;
	else if (!pci_enable_msi(pdev))		// 使能MSI中断
		priv->flags |= TSI721_USING_MSI;
	else
		tsi_debug(MPORT, &pdev->dev,
			 "MSI/MSI-X is not available. Using legacy INTx.");
#endif /* CONFIG_PCI_MSI */

	err = tsi721_request_irq(priv); // 中断注册,展开即为 request_irq

	if (err) {
		tsi_err(&pdev->dev, "Unable to get PCI IRQ %02X (err=0x%x)",
			pdev->irq, err);
		return err;
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_RAPIDIO_DMA_ENGINE
	err = tsi721_register_dma(priv);
	if (err)
		goto err_exit;
#endif
	/* Enable SRIO link */
	iowrite32(ioread32(priv->regs + TSI721_DEVCTL) |
		  TSI721_DEVCTL_SRBOOT_CMPL,
		  priv->regs + TSI721_DEVCTL);

	if (mport->host_deviceid >= 0)
		iowrite32(RIO_PORT_GEN_HOST | RIO_PORT_GEN_MASTER |
			  RIO_PORT_GEN_DISCOVERED,
			  priv->regs + (0x100 + RIO_PORT_GEN_CTL_CSR));
	else
		iowrite32(0, priv->regs + (0x100 + RIO_PORT_GEN_CTL_CSR));

	err = rio_register_mport(mport);
	if (err) {
		tsi721_unregister_dma(priv);
		goto err_exit;
	}

	return 0;

err_exit:
	tsi721_free_irq(priv);
	return err;
}

驱动加载初始化的代码就结束了。

驱动卸载流程

当驱动卸载时会调用到tsi721_remove函数,其流程基本上就是probe的逆向操作。

  1. free_irq(priv->pdev->irq, (void *)priv); 释放中断
  2. iounmap(priv->regs); 地址解映射
  3. pci_disable_msi(priv->pdev);失能msi中断
  4. pci_release_regions(pdev);释放申请的资源
  5. pci_clear_master(pdev); 清除设备master属性
  6. pci_disable_device(pdev);失能pci设备

下面一起看看源码

static void tsi721_remove(struct pci_dev *pdev)
{
    struct tsi721_device *priv = pci_get_drvdata(pdev);

    tsi_debug(EXIT, &pdev->dev, "enter");

    tsi721_disable_ints(priv);
    tsi721_free_irq(priv);					// 释放中断
    flush_scheduled_work();
    rio_unregister_mport(&priv->mport);

    tsi721_unregister_dma(priv);
    tsi721_bdma_maint_free(priv);
    tsi721_doorbell_free(priv);
    tsi721_port_write_free(priv);
    tsi721_close_sr2pc_mapping(priv);

    if (priv->regs)
        iounmap(priv->regs);				// 地址解映射
    if (priv->odb_base)
        iounmap(priv->odb_base);
#ifdef CONFIG_PCI_MSI
    if (priv->flags & TSI721_USING_MSIX)
        pci_disable_msix(priv->pdev);		// 失能msi-x中断
    else if (priv->flags & TSI721_USING_MSI)
        pci_disable_msi(priv->pdev);		// 失能msi中断
#endif
    pci_release_regions(pdev);				// 释放申请的资源
    pci_clear_master(pdev);					// 清除设备master属性
    pci_disable_device(pdev);				// 失能pci设备
    pci_set_drvdata(pdev, NULL);
    kfree(priv);
    tsi_debug(EXIT, &pdev->dev, "exit");
}

至此关于PCIe设备驱动的卸载就完成了。

以上就是一个PCIe设备的基本驱动框架。

本图文内容来源于网友网络收集整理提供,作为学习参考使用,版权属于原作者。
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