JavaWeb搭建学生管理系统（手把手）
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本文章仅供参考，适合新手搭建JavaWeb，学习此文章来打打基础还是可以的，如果有错误或者写的不好的地方，请多多指教。
最后本项目只是提供一个框架和思路，对前端界面不做美化
目录
开发工具与环境
1.IntelliJ IDEA 2021.2.2
2.MySQL 8.0.20
3.jdk 1.8.0_144
4.Tomcat
工具包
因为项目需要连接数据库，所以需要一个连接数据库的jar包
本项目用的是mysql8.0所以jar对应的就是8.0版本，如图所示，需要的自取jar包，提取码：miek
不同数据库版本对应的jar包是不一样的，具体jar包的下载地址：Jar包下载，怎么下载这里就不多介绍了
功能说明
1.登入功能
2.增
3.删
4.改
5.查
项目结构
项目结构如图所示：
编译器的不同具体也不完全相同，但大致一样就行
src下创建com.公司名. xxx 的形式
bean包下放需要操作的对象
dao包下面放对需要操作对象的操作，例如增删改查
filter包下放过滤器，一般是放编码过滤器和权限过滤器
servlet包下放servlet对象
private包下放需要权限的页面
lib包下放需要导入的库（jar包）
web.xml是配置文件
操作步骤
1.创建数据库
（一）创建数据库
create database rg56;（二）创建数据表
这里设置了 id 为主键且不为空，其他设置根据自己的需求更改
create table stuno(
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name CHAR(30),
password CHAR(30),
);最终如下图所示：
（三）插入数据
INSERT INTO stuno(id, name,password)
VALUES (1,'小方','123456');结果如下图所示，如需插入多个可自行选择，
2.创建JavaWeb界面
完整项目放在最后，注意事项和解释全放在代码段里面了
（一）登入界面
代码如下：
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: HARD
Date: 2021/12/12
Time: 16:20
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>登入界面</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--如果 condition() 函数返回为true时才提交表单--%>
<form action="checkLogin.jsp" method="post" onsubmit="return condition()">
<%--这里的 name 和 id 可以随便取名字，但最好和数据库的字段保持一致--%>
学号：<input type="text" name="id" id="id"><br>
密码：<input type="password" name="password" id="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="登入">
</form>
<script>
function condition() {
var id_1 = document.getElementById("id").value;//获取id为id的值
var pwd_2 = document.getElementById("password").value;//获取id为password的值;
if(id_1==""){
alert("学号不能为空！");
return false;
}
if(pwd_2==""){
alert("密码不能为空！");
return false;
}
return true;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
（二）主页界面
代码如下：
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: HARD
Date: 2021/12/12
Time: 16:18
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ page import="com.bean.Student" %>
<%@ page import="com.dao.StudentDao" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.List" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.Iterator" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>学生信息</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="2px" align="center" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td>学号</td>
<td>姓名</td>
<td>密码</td>
<td width="200px"><a href="add.jsp">增加学生</a> <a href="searchStudent.jsp">查询学生</a></td>
</tr>
<%
List<Student> list = StudentDao.getList();
Iterator<Student> iter = list.iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
Student student = iter.next();
%>
<tr>
<td width="75px"><%=student.getId()%>
</td>
<td width="75px"><%=student.getName()%>
</td>
<td width="75px"><%=student.getPassword()%>
</td>
<td width="120px">
<%--将 id 参数传过去 --%>
<a href="delete.jsp?id=<%=student.getId() %>">删除</a>
<%--
因为修改是要先 获取学号 得到全部信息
在修改所以传了一个参数 ?id=<%=student.getId()%>
--%>
<a href="updateStudent.jsp?id=<%=student.getId()%>">修改</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
<%
}
%>
</table>
</body>
</html>
（三）增加学生界面
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: HARD
Date: 2021/12/12
Time: 20:35
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>添加学生</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="addCheck.jsp" method="post" onsubmit="return condition()">
学号：<input type="text" id="id" name="id"><br>
姓名：<input type="text" id="name" name="name"><br>
密码：<input type="password" id="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
<input type="reset" value="重置">
</form>
<script>
function condition() {
var id_1 = document.getElementById("id").value;//获取id为id的值
var name_2 = document.getElementById("name").value;//获取id为name的值
var pwd_3 = document.getElementById("password").value;//获取id为password的值;
if(id_1==""){
alert("学号不能为空！");
return false;
}
if(name_2==""){
alert("姓名不能为空！");
return false;
}
if(pwd_3==""){
alert("密码不能为空！");
return false;
}
return true;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
（四）修改界面
代码如下：
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: HARD
Date: 2021/12/12
Time: 21:05
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ page import="com.dao.StudentDao" %>
<%@ page import="com.bean.Student" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>修改学生信息</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));//获取学号
Student stu = StudentDao.getStudent(id);//根据学号获取完整的对象
%>
<form action="updateCheck.jsp?id=<%=id%>" method="post">
学号： <input type="text" name="id" value="<%=stu.getId()%>"><br>
姓名： <input type="text" name="name" value="<%=stu.getName()%>"><br>
密码： <input type="text" name="password" value="<%=stu.getPassword()%>"><br>
<input type="submit" value="修改">
<input type="reset" value="重置">
</form>
</body>
</html>
（五）查询界面
代码如下：
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: HARD
Date: 2021/12/12
Time: 20:42
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ page import="com.bean.Student" %>
<%@ page import="com.dao.StudentDao" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>检查添加学生信息</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
//获取来自 add.jsp 的表单
int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id")) ;
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
//创建 student 对象
Student student = new Student();
student.setId(id);
student.setName(name);
student.setPassword(password);
StudentDao.add(student);
//添加完成就返回查看页面
response.sendRedirect("index.jsp");
%>
</body>
</html>
3.创建Java类实现功能
（一）创建对象类
代码如下：
package com.bean;
public class Student {
private int id;
private String password;
private String name;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
（二）创建数据访问层（Dao层）
1.创建连接数据库操作对象类，BaseDao.java
package com.dao;
import java.sql.*;
/*
* 连接数据库
*
* */
public class BaseDao {
static{
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static Connection getConnection(){
Connection conn = null;
try {
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/rg56?useUnicode=yes&characterEncoding=utf8", "root", "131488");
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return conn;
}
public static void closeAll(ResultSet rs,PreparedStatement pStmt,Connection conn){
if(rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(pStmt != null){
try {
pStmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
（二）创建操作对象类
package com.dao;
import com.bean.Student;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/*
* 用来对学生进行操作
* */
public class StudentDao {
//获取学生信息列表
public static List<Student> getList() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
try {
conn = BaseDao.getConnection();
stmt = conn.prepareStatement("SELECT * FROM stuno");
rs = stmt.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()) {
Student stu = new Student();
stu.setId(rs.getInt(1));
stu.setName(rs.getString(2));
stu.setPassword(rs.getString(3));
list.add(stu);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
BaseDao.closeAll(rs, stmt, conn);
}
return list;
}
//增加学生信息
public static void add(Student stu) {
Connection con = null;
PreparedStatement pStmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
con = BaseDao.getConnection();
pStmt = con.prepareStatement("insert into stuno(id,name,password) values(?,?,?)");
pStmt.setInt(1, stu.getId());
pStmt.setString(2, stu.getName());
pStmt.setString(3, stu.getPassword());
pStmt.executeUpdate();//更新数据
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//根据学号删除学生信息
public static void delete(int id) {
Connection con = null;
PreparedStatement pStmt = null;
try {
con = BaseDao.getConnection();
pStmt = con.prepareStatement("delete from stuno where id=?");
pStmt.setInt(1, id);
pStmt.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//获取单个学生对象
public static Student getStudent(int id) {
Student s = new Student();
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = BaseDao.getConnection();
stmt = conn.prepareStatement("select * from stuno where id=?");
stmt.setInt(1, id);
rs = stmt.executeQuery();
if (rs.next()) {
s.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
s.setName(rs.getString("name"));
s.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
BaseDao.closeAll(rs, stmt, conn);
}
return s;
}
//修改功能
public static void updateStudent(Student student) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = BaseDao.getConnection();
String sql = "UPDATE stuno SET id=?,name=?,password=? where id=?";
stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
stmt.setInt(1, student.getId());
stmt.setString(2, student.getName());
stmt.setString(3, student.getPassword());
stmt.setInt(4, student.getId());
stmt.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
BaseDao.closeAll(rs, stmt, conn);
}
}
//查询功能，根据模糊查询学号返回所有学生信息
public static List<Student> getStudentList(int id) {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
List<Student> allStudent = new ArrayList<>();
try {
conn = BaseDao.getConnection();
stmt = conn.prepareStatement("select * from stuno where id like ?");
stmt.setString(1, "%" + id + "%");
rs = stmt.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()) {
Student stu = new Student();
stu.setId(rs.getInt(1));
stu.setName(rs.getString(2));
stu.setPassword(rs.getString(3));
allStudent.add(stu);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
BaseDao.closeAll(rs, stmt, conn);
}
return allStudent;
}
}
（三）创建servlet
我只把查找功能交给了servlet，可根据自己需求添加
package com.sevlet;
import com.dao.StudentDao;
import com.bean.Student;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;
/**
* /search 是注解也可以在 web.xml中配置servlet
*
*/
@WebServlet("/search")
public class SearchSevlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
int id = Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("id"));
List<Student> list = StudentDao.getStudentList(id);
req.setAttribute("list", list);
req.getRequestDispatcher("searchStudent.jsp").forward(req, resp);
super.doPost(req, resp);
}
}
（四）配置过滤器
1.配置字符码过滤器
package com.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
private static String encoding; // 定义变量接收初始化的值
public void destroy() {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// 设置字符编码链锁
request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
// 初始化
public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
// 接收web.xml配置文件中的初始参数
encoding = config.getInitParameter("CharsetEncoding");
}
}创建完了还需要在web.xml中配置
<filter>
<filter-name>charsetEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>CharsetEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>charsetEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>（2）创建权限过滤器
package com.filter;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
public class PrivateFilter implements Filter {
private FilterConfig filterConfig;
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//这里的 name 是登入成功后在登入成功界面加一个 session.setAttribute("name","xxx");
String name = (String) session.getAttribute("name");
if (name == null) {
if (request.getRequestURI().indexOf("../firstLogin.jsp") > -1) {
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
} else {
response.sendRedirect("../firstLogin.jsp");
}
} else {
request.getRequestDispatcher("index.jsp").forward(request,response);
return;
}
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
同样需要在web.xml中配置
<filter>
<filter-name>PrivateFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.filter.PrivateFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>PrivateFilter</filter-name>
<!-- 需要过滤的路径-->
<url-pattern>/private/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>源码
最后大致就大功完成了,感谢支持。喜欢了可以帮忙点个赞哦
最后附上我自己学习时做的班费管理系统班费管理系统
本篇文章的源码也附上链接：源码
提取码：hx38
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