C语言贪吃蛇
基于C语言编写的贪吃蛇
开发环境：VS2019
这是一个基于C语言链表开发的贪吃蛇游戏
其实贪吃蛇游戏要解决的主要问题就是
1、这个游戏的基本组成元素和架构
2、如何初始化贪吃蛇并正常行走
3、如何判断事件发生
代码中运用到了键盘虚拟键判断、终端窗口大小的改变、光标的定位以及输出字体的颜色
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代码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#define R 'R'
#define L 'L'
#define U 'U'
#define D 'D'
typedef struct Node
{
int x;
int y;
struct Node* next;
}snake;
char FORWARD_DIRECTION; //定义当前前进的方向
snake* head, * p, * nexthead;//蛇头指针、创建贪吃蛇的间接指针、下一步生成的头指针、尾指针
snake* food;//随机生成的食物
int grade = 0; //当前得分
int addGrade = 5; //加的分数随速度而增加
int sleepTime = 250; //贪吃蛇停顿的时间，可通过修改停顿时间改变贪吃蛇前进的速度
void hideCursor(); //定义隐藏光标函数
void gotoxy(int x, int y); //移动光标函数
void color(int c); //设置接下来输出字体的颜色
void createMap(); //创建地图函数
void initSnake(); //初始化贪吃蛇函数
void speedUp(); //加速函数
void speedDown(); //减速函数
void createFood(); //随机生成食物函数
void collideWall(); //检测撞墙函数
void collideSelf(); //检测是否撞到自己
void moveSnake(); //贪吃蛇移动函数
void gradeBoard(); //显示得分板函数
void endGame(); //结束游戏函数
void keyboardControl(); //检测键盘按键函数
void welcometoGame(); //初始化函数
void hideCursor() //定义隐藏光标函数
{
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursor;
cursor.bVisible = FALSE;
cursor.dwSize = sizeof(cursor);
HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &cursor);
}
void gotoxy(int x, int y)
{ //移动光标到相应位置
COORD c = { x, y };
SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), c);
}
void color(int c)
{ //设置接下来输出字符的颜色
SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), c);
}
void createMap()
{ //创建地图
system("mode con cols=150 lines=30");
system("cls");
color(3 | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
for (int i = 1; i <= 40; i++)
{ //上边框
printf("■");
}
for (int i = 1; i <= 28; i++)
{ //左右边框
gotoxy(0, i);
printf("■");
gotoxy(78, i);
printf("■");
}
gotoxy(0, 29);
for (int i = 1; i <= 40; i++)
{ //上边框
printf("■");
}
}
void initSnake()
{
snake* tail;
color(15);
head = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
head->x = 36;
head->y = 12;
p = head;
for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
tail = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
tail->x = head->x + 2 * i;
tail->y = head->y;
p->next = tail;
p = tail;
}
p->next = NULL;
p = head; //记录下头指针的位置
gotoxy(head->x, head->y);
while (head != NULL)
{
printf("■");
head = head->next;
}
gotoxy(149, 29);
}
void speedUp() //通过减小sleepTime加快速度，但sleepTime不能小于100
{
if (sleepTime > 50)
{
sleepTime = sleepTime - 50; addGrade++;
}
}
void speedDown() //通过增大sleepTime减慢速度，但sleepTime不能大于500
{
if (sleepTime < 450)
{
sleepTime = sleepTime + 50; addGrade--;
}
}
void createFood()
{ //随机生成食物
byte i;
head = p;
food = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
food->next = NULL;
while (1)
{
i = 0; //每次循环时重置i为0。若此条语句放在外部while语句外部，当随机生成的食物与蛇身重叠时，i被置1
//此时i就一直为1，将陷入死循环
food->x = rand() % 75 + 2; //注意在范围内生成的数要为偶数，要与蛇头对齐
food->y = rand() % 25 + 2;
while (head != NULL)
{
if (food->x == head->x && food->y == head->y)
i = 1;
head = head->next;
} //重置head的值，当随机生成的食物与蛇身重叠时，又从外部while的第一条语句开始执行
head = p; //，此时若没有重置head的值，内嵌的while将直接跳过，没有二次判断
if (food->x % 2 == 0 && food->y % 2 == 0 && i == 0)
break;
}
gotoxy(food->x, food->y);
color(12 | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
printf("■");
}
void collideWall() {
if (head->x == 0)
endGame();
if (head->x == 78)
endGame();
if (head->y == 0)
endGame();
if (head->y == 29)
endGame();
}
void collideSelf() {
head = head->next;
while (head != NULL)
{
if (head->x == p->x && head->y == p->y)
endGame();
head = head->next;
}
head = p;
}
void moveSnake()
{
color(15);
head = p; //初始化头指针的位置
if (FORWARD_DIRECTION == L)
{
//gotoxy(100, 3);
nexthead = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
nexthead->x = head->x - 2;
nexthead->y = head->y;
nexthead->next = head;
head = nexthead; //头指针指向新开创的空间
p = head; //记录下头指针的值
collideWall();
collideSelf();
gotoxy(head->x, head->y);
printf("■");
if (head->x == food->x && head->y == food->y) //若吃到了食物，则尾部不清除
{
free(food);
grade = grade + addGrade;
createFood();
}
else { //若没有吃到食物，则清除尾部，保持原有长度
while (head->next->next != NULL)
{ //此处注意
head = head->next;
}
gotoxy(head->next->x, head->next->y); //通过next释放尾部是因为直接释放尾部会导致next指向混乱
printf(" ");
free(head->next);
head->next = NULL;
}
head = p;
}
if (FORWARD_DIRECTION == U)
{
//gotoxy(100, 3);
nexthead = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
nexthead->x = head->x;
nexthead->y = head->y - 1;
nexthead->next = head;
head = nexthead;
p = head;
gotoxy(head->x, head->y);
printf("■");
collideWall();
collideSelf();
if (head->x == food->x && head->y == food->y)
{
free(food);
grade = grade + addGrade;
createFood();
}
else {
while (head->next->next != NULL)
{ //此处注意
head = head->next;
}
gotoxy(head->next->x, head->next->y); //通过next释放尾部是因为直接释放尾部会导致next指向混乱
printf(" ");
free(head->next);
head->next = NULL;
}
head = p;
}
if (FORWARD_DIRECTION == R)
{
//gotoxy(100, 3);
nexthead = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
nexthead->x = head->x + 2;
nexthead->y = head->y;
nexthead->next = head;
head = nexthead;
p = head;
gotoxy(head->x, head->y);
printf("■");
collideWall();
collideSelf();
if (head->x == food->x && head->y == food->y)
{
free(food);
grade = grade + addGrade;
createFood();
}
else {
while (head->next->next != NULL)
{ //此处注意
head = head->next;
}
gotoxy(head->next->x, head->next->y); //通过next释放尾部是因为直接释放尾部会导致next指向混乱
printf(" ");
free(head->next);
head->next = NULL;
}
head = p;
}
if (FORWARD_DIRECTION == D)
{
//gotoxy(100, 3);
nexthead = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
nexthead->x = head->x;
nexthead->y = head->y + 1;
nexthead->next = head;
head = nexthead;
p = head;
gotoxy(head->x, head->y);
printf("■");
collideWall();
collideSelf();
if (head->x == food->x && head->y == food->y)
{
free(food);
grade = grade + addGrade;
createFood();
}
else {
while (head->next->next != NULL)
{ //此处注意
head = head->next;
}
gotoxy(head->next->x, head->next->y); //通过next释放尾部是因为直接释放尾部会导致next指向混乱
printf(" ");
free(head->next);
head->next = NULL;
}
head = p;
}
}
void gradeBoard()
{
gotoxy(100, 12);
color(4);
printf("得分：%d ", grade);
gotoxy(100, 14);
printf("每个食物得分： %d分", addGrade);
gotoxy(100, 16);
printf("碰墙或碰到自己即Game Over.");
gotoxy(100, 18);
printf("↑ ↓ ← →控制蛇的移动");
gotoxy(100, 20);
printf("F1 加速，F2 减速");
gotoxy(100, 22);
printf("空格space：暂停游戏");
gotoxy(100, 24);
printf("ESC ：退出游戏");
}
void endGame() {
system("cls");
gotoxy(66, 10);
color(12 | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
printf("游戏结束");
gotoxy(64, 12);
printf("您的得分为：%d", grade);
gotoxy(61, 14);
printf("再按一次ESC退出游戏");
while (1)
{
Sleep(300);
if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE))
exit(0);
}
}
void keyboardControl()
{
FORWARD_DIRECTION = L;
while (1)
{
gradeBoard();
if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) && FORWARD_DIRECTION != D)
{
FORWARD_DIRECTION = U;
}
else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) && FORWARD_DIRECTION != U)
{
FORWARD_DIRECTION = D;
}
else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) && FORWARD_DIRECTION != R)
{
FORWARD_DIRECTION = L;
}
else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) && FORWARD_DIRECTION != L)
{
FORWARD_DIRECTION = R;
}
else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F1)) //按F1加快速度
{
speedUp();
}
else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F2)) //按F2减慢速度
{
speedDown();
}
else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE)) //空格键暂停
{
while (1)
{
if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE)) //在暂停时也能响应ESC键退出游戏
{
endGame();
}
gotoxy(100, 8);
color(4);
printf("Pause.");
Sleep(300);
if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))
{
gotoxy(100, 8);
printf("Start.");
break;
}
}
}
else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE))
{
endGame();
}
moveSnake();
Sleep(sleepTime); //通过改变sleepTime大小更改贪吃蛇速度
}
}
void welcometoGame()
{
char n;
color(15);
gotoxy(42, 10);
printf("Wecome to snake.");
color(12);
gotoxy(20, 27);
printf("按1开始游戏");
gotoxy(65, 27);
printf("按任意除1按键退出游戏");
color(3 | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
gotoxy(40, 14);
printf("每个食物得分： %d分", addGrade);
gotoxy(38, 16);
printf("碰墙或咬到自己即Game Over.");
gotoxy(38, 18);
printf("↑ ↓ ← →控制蛇的移动");
gotoxy(41, 20);
printf("F1 加速，F2 减速");
gotoxy(40, 22);
printf("空格space：暂停游戏");
gotoxy(43, 24);
printf("ESC ：退出游戏");
gotoxy(43, 28);
printf("please select:");
n = getch();
switch (n)
{
case '1':
{
createMap();
initSnake();
createFood();
keyboardControl();
break;
}
default:exit(0);
}
}
int main()
{
system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
hideCursor();
//SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_BLUE);
//printf("Hello, World");
//system("cls");
welcometoGame();
}
运行截图：
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