初学Android网络封装
前言：模拟用户登录，从安卓发送请求到服务端校验，再从服务端返回给安卓校验结果
1.在AndroidManifest.xml文件中添加网络权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
所放位置如图所示：
2.添加依赖，在app模块下的build.gradle中添加okhttp和json的依赖
implementation group: 'com.squareup.okhttp3', name: 'okhttp', version: '4.9.0' implementation 'com.alibaba:fastjson:1.2.10'
添加位置如图所示，添加之后点击进行编译引入。
3.封装一个实体类，用于接收请求后的响应信息。（响应，包括响应码code和响应体body）
public class ResponseBody {
private String code;//响应码
private Object result;//响应体
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(String code) {
this.code = code;
}
public Object getResult() {
return result;
}
public void setResult(Object result) {
this.result = result;
}
}4.封装一个实体类（User）
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String phone;
private String name;
private String sex;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
}
5.定义OkHttp工具，包括get，post两种请求方式
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import okhttp3.Cookie;
import okhttp3.CookieJar;
import okhttp3.FormBody;
import okhttp3.HttpUrl;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;
public class OkHttpUtils {
private static final String BASE_URL = "http://192.168.10.104:8080/"; //地址
private static OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
private static ResponseBody responseBody;
/**
因为OkHttp自带cookie效果，在构造方法中进行初始化，使其生效
*/
public OkHttpUtils(){
final Map<String, List<Cookie>> cookieStore=new HashMap<>();
client=new OkHttpClient.Builder().cookieJar(new CookieJar() {
@Override
public void saveFromResponse(@NonNull HttpUrl httpUrl, @NonNull List<Cookie> list) {
cookieStore.put(httpUrl.host(),list);
}
@NonNull
@Override
public List<Cookie> loadForRequest(@NonNull HttpUrl httpUrl) {
List<Cookie> cookies=cookieStore.get(httpUrl.host());
return cookies==null?new ArrayList<>():cookies;
}
}).build();
}
/**
* get请求，这里没加线程控制，如果有需要可以加一下
*/
public static ResponseBody get(String url) {
Request request = new Request.Builder().url(getAbsoluteUrl(url)).build();
Response response = null;
try {
response = client.newCall(request).execute();
responseBody= dealResponse(response.body().string());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return responseBody;
}
/**
* post请求，参数是通过map键值对形式传递过来的
*/
public static ResponseBody post(String url, Map<String,Object> value) {
FormBody formBody=dealFormBody(value);
Request request = new Request.Builder().url(getAbsoluteUrl(url)).post(formBody).build();
Response response;
try {
response = client.newCall(request).execute();
responseBody= dealResponse(response.body().string());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return responseBody;
}
/**
将请求返回结果封装到ResponseBody
*/
public static ResponseBody dealResponse(String result){
ResponseBody responseBody=new ResponseBody();
JSONObject json = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
responseBody.setCode(json.get("code")+"");
responseBody.setResult(json.get("data"));
return responseBody;
}
/*
处理请求参数
*/
public static FormBody dealFormBody(Map<String, Object> maps){
FormBody.Builder builder = new FormBody.Builder();
Set<String> keySet=maps.keySet();
for(Iterator<String> iterator = keySet.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();)
{
String key=iterator.next();
builder.add(key, maps.get(key)+"");
}
return builder.build();
}
/*
将url拼接起来，封装成完整url
*/
private static String getAbsoluteUrl(String relativeUrl) {
return BASE_URL + relativeUrl;
}
}
6.定义好之后，测试访问
我在MainActivity中添加按钮进行的测试，具体界面就不一一介绍了，测试代码如下：
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private OkHttpClient okHttpClient;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button login= findViewById(R.id.login);
//为界面上的按钮设置监听事件，点击就会调用下面的test方法
login.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
test();
}
});
}
/*
*/
public void test(){
new Thread(()-> {
String url="user/info/getUser";
Map<String,Object> maps=new HashMap<>();
//将请求参数添加到map中
maps.put("username","zhangsan");
maps.put("password","123456");
ResponseBody result=OkHttpUtils.post(url,maps);//传url参数和map
System.out.println(result.getCode());
User user= dealJsonToObject(result);
System.out.println(result.getResult());
System.out.println(user.getPhone());
}).start();
}
//处理json到实体类
public User dealJsonToObject(ResponseBody result){
JSONArray arr= (JSONArray) JSONArray.parse(result.getResult().toString());
JSONObject jsonObject = arr.getJSONObject(0);
User user = JSON.toJavaObject(jsonObject,User.class);
return user;
}
}7.服务器是由java编写
一个简易的网络请求封装，日后有更好的还会继续优化，希望可以帮助到你
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