MySQL数据库集群技术主从复制 一主一从详细讲解
集群技术
集群概述 MySQL复制技术
集群目的
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负载均衡
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解决高并发
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高可用HA
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服务可用性
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远程灾备
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数据有效性
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类型
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一主一从
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一主双从
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双主双从
原理
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概念
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在主库上把数据更改（DDL DML DCL）记录到二进制日志（Binary Log）中。
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备库I/O线程将主库上的日志复制到自己的中继日志（Relay Log）中。
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备库SQL线程读取中继日志中的事件，将其重放到备库数据库之上。
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环境
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全新服务器-互相通信
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全新安装mysql80-分别安装
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配置域名解析
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master1：192.168.142.139
slave1：192.168.142.140
[root@service ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.142.139 master1
192.168.142.140 slave1主服务器配置
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部署一台新mysql服务器。准备好域名解析。
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准备数据
mysql> create database master1db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> use master1db;
Database changed
mysql> create table master1db.master1tab(name char(50));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> insert into master1db.master1tab values (1111);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into master1db.master1tab values (2222);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)-
开启二进制日志
[root@service ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id=1
log_bin
[root@service ~]# systemctl restart mysqld-
创建复制用户
mysql> create user 'rep'@'192.168.142.%' identified by 'Wyxbuke00.';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'rep'@'192.168.142.%' ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)-
备份master数据库的数据
[root@service ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p'Wyxbuke00.' --all-databases --single-transaction --master-data=2 --flush-logs > `date +%F` -mysql-all.sql
[root@service ~]# ll
总用量 444848
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 2月 22 16:12 2024-02-22
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1288580 2月 22 16:10 2024-02-22-mysql-all.sql
观察二进制日志分割点
-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='service-bin.000003', MASTER_LOG_POS=157;-
准备数据2
mysql> insert into master1db.master1tab values (33333333);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into master1db.master1tab values (44444);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)从服务器配置
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测试rep用户是否可用
[root@server ~]# mysql -urep -pWyxbuke00. -h master1
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> -
启动服务器序号
[root@server ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@server ~]# setenforce 0
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
不用在从设备上开启二进制日志，没有人向从设备请求日志。
server-id=2
[root@server ~]# systemctl restart mysqld-
手动同步数据
从主服务器发送
[root@service ~]# scp 2024-02-22-mysql-all.sql slave1:/tmp/
root@slave1's password:
2024-02-22-mysql-all.sql
到从服务器查看
[root@server ~]# ls /tmp
2024-02-22-mysql-all.sql
[root@server ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
mysql> set sql_log_bin=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> source /tmp/2024-02-22-mysql-all.sql ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use master1db;
Database changed
mysql> select *from master1db.master1tab;
+------+
| name |
+------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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设置主服务器
mysql> change master to master_host='master1', master_user='rep', master_password='Wyxbuke00.',master_log_file='localhost-bin.000004',master_log_pos=157;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 8 warnings (0.01 sec)
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘mysqld-bin.000004’,MASTER_LOG_POS=157;-
启动从设备
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)-
查看启动状态
mysql> show slave statusG;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: master1
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: localhost-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 157
Relay_Log_File: server-relay-bin.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 126
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000038
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 126
Relay_Log_Space: 337
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 13114
Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from source when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file'
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: d5ddcb15-d063-11ee-a4cc-000c2904e4be
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 240222 16:42:23
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
Master_public_key_path:
Get_master_public_key: 0
Network_Namespace:
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
此时，发生报错 Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from source when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file'；
解决方案
到从服务器输入
mysql> stop slave
-> ;
到master机器登陆mysql：
记录master的bin的位置，例如：mysql> show master status;
mysql> show master status;
+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| service-bin.000004 | 157 | | | |
+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
必要时使用flush log;进行刷新
到从数据库修改：
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_log_file='service-bin.000004',master_log_pos=157;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 3 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='master1',master_user='rep',master_password='Wyxbuke00.',master_log_file='service-bin.000004';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 8 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave statusG;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
Master_Host: master1
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: service-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 157
Relay_Log_File: server-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 328
Relay_Master_Log_File: service-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 157
Relay_Log_Space: 539
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: d5ddcb15-d063-11ee-a4cc-000c2904e4be
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
Master_public_key_path:
Get_master_public_key: 0
Network_Namespace:
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
问题解决！-
返回主服务器（master1）更新数据，在从服务器（slave1）观察是否同步。
主服务器添加数据
mysql> insert into master1db.master1tab values (55555);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
从服务器查看数据是否同步
mysql> select * from master1db.master1tab;
+-------+
| name |
+-------+
| 1111 |
| 2222 |
| 55555 |
+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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